Kelly’s theory asserts that an individual’s activities (behavior and thoughts) are guided in certain directions by the personal constructs used to

Any pattern of behavior that causes people significant distress, causes harm to others, or harms their ability to function in daily life, is called ___________

a) a psychological disorder b) humors c) stress syndrome d) adaptive behavior

Elton's mother has been nagging that he should practice at the piano for the upcoming competition. Elton eventually complies to stop her nagging. This example illustrates _______________

a. positive punishment b. negative punishment c. positive reinforcement d. negative reinforcement