What strategies are available to shareholders to help ensure that managers are motivated to act in the interest of the shareholders rather than their own interest?

Marketing expenses and investments as inputs can be quantified only in the long run, whereas the resulting outputs such as broader brand awareness, enhanced brand image, greater customer loyalty, and improved new product prospects manifest themselves

in the short run. Indicate whether the statement is true or false

The refusal by the foreign US-controlled employer to apply US antidiscrimination laws because doing so would violate local laws, is:

a. the foreign compulsion defense. b. the Bona Fide Occupational Qualification defense. c. the foreign conflict of laws defense. d. the non-extraterritorial applicability of US laws abroad.