Extrinsic reinforcers are defined as reinforcers that ________

a. are not inherently related to the activity being reinforced.
b. are inherently related to the activity being reinforced.
c. are related to the satisfaction of accomplishing a task.
d. are related to the inherent enjoyment of a particular task.

Answer: b

Psychology

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The Robbers Cave experiment showed that:

a. playing athletic games, such as football and baseball, reduces us-them hostility. b. watching movies together, and similar quiet interactions, reduces us-them hostility. c. engaging in mutually exciting activities, such as tug or war, reduces us-them hostility. d. interdependence in reaching mutual goals reduces us-them hostility.

Psychology

Research on changes in intellectual abilities during adulthood indicates that

a. fluid and crystallized intelligence decline at the same rate. b. fluid intelligence declines earlier and more quickly than crystallized intelligence. c. crystallized intelligence declines earlier and more quickly than fluid intelligence. d. crystallized and fluid intelligence fluctuate up and down throughout the entire lifespan.

Psychology