What do the methods used by cognitive psychologists have in common with those used by
behaviorists?
a. They are objective.
b. They are introspective.
c. They focus on understanding brain structure.
d. They emerged from research using animals.
e. They emphasize unconscious processes.
a. They are objective.
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Marian would be described as physically and psychologically healthy. She is happy, optimistic, and self-confident and is able to bounce back emotionally from adversity. According to health psychologists, Marian is in a state of
a. subjective well-being. b. self-actualization. c. incongruence. d. stress inoculation.
In one well-known study on empathy, participants had to watch a confederate ("Elaine") receive electric shocks. They were told either that they had to watch 10 full trials of shocks, or that they could leave after watching the first two trials only. They were also told that their values and interests were similar to those of the confederate (similar group), or that their values and interests were
different from those of the confederate (dissimilar group). After the first two trials had been completed, participants were asked whether they would switch places with the confederate—she was apparently very upset by the shocks due to a negative childhood experience with electricity. The researchers found that, in the dissimilar group, ____ agreed to switch places. a. virtually no one b. many people in the 10-trial group but virtually no one in the two-trial group c. many people in both the 10-trial group and the two-trial group d. virtually everyone