Describe the various norms associated with strategic responses of firms when dealing with ethical challenges

When confronting ethical challenges, individual firms have four strategic choices: reactive, defensive, accommodative, and proactive strategies.
--Using a reactive strategy, a firm is passive and does not feel compelled to act even when problems arise.
--Using a defensive strategy, a firm fights informal pressure and is only concerned with required regulatory compliance.
--Using an accommodative strategy, a firm accepts responsibility and will act beyond what is simply required.
--Using a proactive strategy, a firm anticipates institutional changes and does more than required by current regulations.