The state abbreviation NE stands for:

The EMT shows she understands the difference between a metered-dose inhaler (MDI) and a small-volume nebulizer (SVN) when she states:

A) "The MDI uses oxygen to administer the medication; the small-volume nebulizer does not." B) "The MDI provides medication with one or two of the patient's breaths; the SVN provides a continuous flow of medication until gone." C) "The MDI uses a mask to administer the medication; the SVN merely requires the patient to hold the device in his mouth and inhale." D) "The MDI requires the EMT to set up and prepare the medication for administration; the SVN does not."

A patient with Cushing reflex is most likely experiencing which pathophysiology?

A) Concussion B) Hypovolemia C) Brain herniation D) Shock