The tendency to perceive objects that are close to each other as part of the same grouping is known as ________

A negative reinforcer is a stimulus that is _____ and therefore _____ the probability of a response

A) removed; increases B) removed; decreases C) presented; increases D) presented; decreases

The authors of your text provide the example of the most recent war in Iraq to demonstrate the dangers of what can happen when political leaders

a. refuse to listen to reason. b. are caught up in a cycle of self-justification. c. have too much power in their hands. d. make accurate decisions based on accurate information.