Which of the following are most open to bias and distortion?
a.) cluster sampling
b.) stratified sampling
c.) multistage random area sampling
d.) nonprobability samples
D
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Which of the following statements about the 1936 Literary Digest poll that predicted Roosevelt's reelection defeat is true?
a. The poll oversampled those with higher income. b. The poll oversampled groups heavily Democratic in orientation. c. The poll excluded owners of automobiles. d. The poll undersampled middle-class voters who owned telephones.
The ultimate barrier to a more egalitarian campaign finance system is which of the following?
a. The House and the Senate unanimously oppose it. b. The parties oppose it. c. The First Amendment to the Constitution says campaign donations are protected speech. d. Such a system is expressly prohibited by the Fifth Amendment to the Constitution.