Which is NOT an E/M key component for abstracting the level of service?

When assessing a 3-year-old male in respiratory distress, the EMT should recognize "see-saw" breathing when he observes:

A) alternate breathing through the nose and mouth. B) movement of the chest and abdomen in opposite directions. C) retraction of the muscles between the ribs. D) up-and-down motion of the head as the patient breathes.

You respond to a middle school for a 12-year-old male patient who has been hit by a car. You get consent to treat the patient from the school principal. What concept allows the principal to speak for the parents?

A) Res ipsa loquitur B) In loco parentis C) Healthcare proxy D) Informed consent