Describe the process by which infants form categories in the first year and second year
What will be an ideal response?
In the first year infants tend to form categories based on perceptual features such as the parts of a vehicle, including roof, doors, windows, and wheels.
Toward the end of the first year (9-11 months) they can identify more subtle perceptual features, allowing them to differentiate something like planes and birds with similar looking wings.
By 14 months researchers have found that infants can use conceptual categories.
For example, they can put objects into piles based on category names (e.g., “dogs,” “cats”).
Children also think of an object in terms of its internal properties, such as being alive or being an object, rather than just the perceptual features.
For example, they know that animals can travel in jerky lines, but vehicles must travel in smooth lines.
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Which of the following is true regarding the visual processes of a typical newborn?
a. Newborns can't see any color, so they see only in black and white. b. Newborns prefer to look at faces more than at complex, abstract pictures. c. Newborns cannot focus clearly on any object nearer to them than about 2 feet but their vision for distant objects is nearly as good as an adult's would be. d. Newborns can see out of only one eye at a time, so their attention shifts between eyes.
Suppose an experimental psychologist found a moderate positive correlation between
the waxing of the moon and the increase in sleep disorders, depression rates, drinking rates, and public nudity. Based upon these findings, which of the following can be assumed? A) The waxing of the moon causes the above maladaptive behaviors B) The lunar schedule and these types of behaviors are unrelated C) We cannot accurately determine the exact causal relationship based upon these findings D) This study provides sufficient evidence to make the public aware of the dangers of lunar exposure