Passing an argument ____________________ allows the procedure to modify the contents of the variable that is being passed.

Which of the following topics is covered under the software development security CBK domain?

A. Understanding the cryptographic life cycle B. Understanding public key infrastructure C. Assessing the effectiveness of software security D. Securing network components

Member function _________ of the file streams fstream, ifstream and ofstream opens a file.

Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).