When listeners avoid arguments and evidence that challenge what they already believe by putting

Mary works as a customer service representative. She often has to deal with customers who are frustrated or angry. What could you suggest that would assist her in dealing with such customers?

a) Remain calm and try to empathize with the customer's situation b) Be enthusiastic and energetic. c) Plan for the customer's future needs and desires. d) Keep the customer notified about work-in-progress.

Manipulation

A) the extent to which the supervisor believes that the subordinate will be able to perform the assigned tasks with little or no difficulty B) getting the subordinate to perform as a fully functioning organizational member C) any communication that indicates interpersonal warmth and closeness D) an overt form of influence where desired outcomes are fully disclosed E) messages and behaviors used to preserve an acceptable and lasting relational state. F) any communication between organizational members that implicitly or explicitly provides task guidance, personal evaluation, or other guidance G) attentive, friendly, and relaxed H) mutual affection the leader and member have for each other based primarily on interpersonal attraction I) inattentive, unfriendly, and unrelaxed J) those that attempt to gain relational rewards by explaining or justifying the actor's position and attitude K) a disguised attempt at upward influence L) an influence technique that uses either open influence or clearly stated outcomes