Elite learning is a
a. theory that political leaders ascertain from previous successes and failures and adjust their behavior accordingly to maximize the likelihood of future successes.
b. theory of decisionmaking that assumes, short of a crisis, that government officials will make small changes to existing policy rather than start from scratch when making policy decisions.
c. wide-ranging theoretical perspective used to explain both individual political behavior and collective actions.
d. theory that people do not like to hold obviously contradictory positions, leading them to reject evidence that may run counter to their initial beliefs about a particular topic.
e. concept from psychology that highlights the extent to which initial contact or experiences are filtered through past contacts or relationships with similar individuals or settings.
A
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In doing low-constraint research, we must address the issue of the sample's
A) Validity. B) Representativeness. C) Randomness. D) Generalizability.
Backbencher dissent
a. rarely occurs in Parliament. b. has occurred more often since the 1970s. c. occurs only in the House of Lords. d. often occurred before the 1980s, but has since decreased in frequency. e. is sparked by the opposition parties towards the governing party(s).