Research and development refers to the activity of firms, universities, and government agencies that seek to invent new products and processes.

What are the factors that determine the costs of doing business in a country?

What will be an ideal response?

Suppose that good X is on the horizontal axis and all other goods (measured in dollars) are on the vertical axis in the consumer-choice diagram. If the consumer gains $10 in income, then

a. the new budget line is parallel to and lies 10 units to the left of the old budget line. b. the budget line shifts up by 10 dollars, with no change in the slope. c. the vertical intercept of the budget line shifts up by $10, but the horizontal intercept remains unchanged. d. the slope of the budget line increases by 10 percent.