An unregulated, single-price monopoly is shown in the figure above. If fixed cost is $20, the monopoly's total costs when it is maximizing its profit will be

Gross domestic product is a monetary measure of

A. total consumption in the economy. B. the total value of all final goods and services. C. total industrial output. D. the total value of all foreign sales and purchases.

Purchasing power parity is the theory that nominal exchange rates are determined:

A. as necessary to achieve the fundamental value of the exchange rate. B. by real exchange rates. C. as necessary for the law of one price to hold. D. by the forces of supply and demand.