Which of the following statements about "Black empowerment" is FALSE?

a. It has involved legislation that requires all companies in South Africa to hire a certain percentage of Africans.
b. Those who have benefited the most have often been politically well connected.
c. It has involved legislation that requires companies that win government contracts allocate shares to Blacks and other previously disadvantaged people.
d. Although there is limited evidence that it has produced a substantial rise in the number of Black-owned companies, there is significant evidence that it has increased black participation in the economy.
e. It has not reduced Black poverty and may, in fact, have promoted economic inefficiencies that have curbed growth and job creation.

a