What percentage of miscarriages occur even before women are aware of their pregnancies?

As Chapter 4 discusses, John Brown, Lloyd Peterson, and Margaret Peterson created a classic technique for assessing short-term memory

In this technique, people saw some stimuli, counted backwards by threes during the delay period, and then tried to recall the original stimuli. The results of their research showed that a. people could recall up to 10 stimuli, after a delay period of 3 minutes. b. people systematically recalled only 10% of the stimuli, on each trial in the study. c. at the beginning of the session, people could recall only 20% of the items; by the end of the session, they recalled about 40% of the items. d. after many previous trials, people had difficulty recalling the stimuli, even with only a short delay.

In terms of the processes of memory, _____ refers to transforming the information into a form that can be stored in memory

a) storage b) encoding c) metacognition d) retrieval