The cross-sectional, longitudinal, and sequential research designs are all important tools for the
developmental scientist. Present the defining factor, a major advantage, and disadvantage for
each one.
What will be an ideal response?
1. Cross-sectional compares different groups on a single variable one time; can be completed quickly;
cohort concerns.
2. Longitudinal – repeated measures over time of same individuals; should developmental sequences;
practice effects (also cohort effects).
3. Sequential – combination of both; eliminates cohort effects; both costly and time consuming.
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In Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which is the lowest need?
a. Self-esteem b. Self-fulfillment c. Social interaction d. Physiological needs
Many psychologists think of human memory as a type of information processing system that has basic processes that are called
a. 2; declarative memory and procedural memory b. 2; implicit memory and explicit memory c. 3; consolidation, elaboration, and rehearsal d. 3; sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory e. 3; encoding, storage, and retrieval