What kind of reliability would be relevant in a study in which two observers recorded children's aggressive behaviors on the playground?

The indirect-access route in reading emphasizes that

a. readers can recognize a word directly from the printed word. b. readers can access semantic memory through either the visual route or through the sound route. c. readers translate a printed word into sound before they can locate information about its meaning. d. readers with reading problems try to sound out each word before they recognize it; people without reading problems do not sound out the words.

Surveys indicate that the use of contraception has ____ among 15- to 19-year-olds since 1988

A) increased B) decreased C) stayed the same D) survey results are contradictory.