In which of the following cases would the Supreme Court use the intermediate standard of review to determine a potential violation of the equal protection clause?
a. preventing whites from attending schools designed to serve African American students
b. prohibiting gays and lesbians from serving in the military
c. requiring government contractors to have a racially diverse workforce
d. having different minimum ages for men and women to marry
d
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How might the mere presence of a weapons system or capability lead to its preemptive use in conflict?
a. Decision makers have an inherent psychological bias toward weapons in hand. b. The chain of command can be broken, leading to desperate decisions by those directly in charge of a specific capability. c. Decision makers may worry that they might lose that capability before being able to use it. d. The logic of deterrence and escalation requires the limited use of known weapons to make threats more credible.
Which pathway of action was used by pro-choice supporters to change the law for the entire nation?
a. court b. lobbying c. grassroots mobilization d. cultural change