In order to raise the federal funds rate, the Fed ________ government securities in open market operations, so that banks' reserves ________ and the quantity of money ________

Budget lines: a. are typically positively sloped

b. are typically negatively sloped. c. often have the same slope as indifference curves. d. are generally horizontal.

When two variables have a negative correlation,

a. when the x-variable decreases, the y-variable decreases. b. when the x-variable decreases, the y-variable increases. c. when the x-variable increases, the y-variable increases. d. More than one of the above is correct.