Modern monetarists view any increases or decreases in total output stemming from expansions or contractions in the money supply as

In the United States, consumers usually pay ________ than the true cost of medical treatment because of ________

A) more; adverse selection B) less; rising insurance deductibles C) less; third-party payers D) more; rising insurance premiums

The burden of a proportional tax ________ as a percentage of income as income ________.

A. rises; falls B. does not change; rises or falls C. rises; rises D. falls; falls