______ is characterized by excessive fear that one may behave in ways that will

A robber walks into a crowded bank lobby and pulls a gun, yelling "Everybody lie face down on the floor, or I'll shoot!" The people in the lobby quickly comply. After the incident, witnesses are questioned about their recollection of the event

Which of the following are they most likely to recall? a) Where the robber was standing when he yelle b) Which hand the robber used to hold the gun c) Whether the robber had a mustache d) The color of the robber's jacket

If variables X and Yare correlated, then which of the following is a possibility?

a. X causes Y. b. Y causes X. c. X and Y may be caused by a third variable, Z. d. All the above are possibilities.