A student finds examinations to be very stressful. If he decides to try to cope by using a problem-directed coping strategy, he might
a. go to a movie the night before an exam to distract himself.
b. tell himself that exams are not a valid way to evaluate his knowledge.
c. speak to his teachers about alternative methods of evaluation.
d. use meditation before taking an exam.
Answer: c. speak to his teachers about alternative methods of evaluation.
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Longitudinal studies of changes in intelligence over the life span paint a more accurate
picture of reality than do cross-sectional studies because a. longitudinal studies require more time to conduct and therefore, researchers can make a more careful analysis of the important variables that influence development. b. cross-sectional studies do not take into consideration cohort effects, such as the fact that older people have had different educational and cultural experiences than younger people have had. c. cross-sectional studies tend to be conducted with biased samples. d. in cross-sectional studies, older people can be intimidated by the presence of younger people. e. participants tend to be more accurate when they know they will be re-tested, thereby increasing reliability.
We might complain about feeling hot and then drink something cool or loosen our clothing with the desired intent of cooling ourselves but we cannot properly say that these behaviors are:
a. Premeditated b. Conscious c. Intentional d. Involuntary