Between 1870 and 2010, among the United States, Germany, Japan, and Australia, ________ grew at the fastest rate and ________ grew at the slowest rate

Two random variables X and Y are independently distributed if all of the following conditions hold, with the exception of

A) Pr(Y = y = x) = Pr(Y = y). B) knowing the value of one of the variables provides no information about the other. C) if the conditional distribution of Y given X equals the marginal distribution of Y. D) E(Y) = E[E(Y )].

What is an economic variable?

What will be an ideal response?