Laws cannot treat people differently.

Which of the following is true of political parties?

(A) They are highly centralized organizations that rely very little on state participants. (B) They establish guidelines of behavior and insist that their candidates follow these guidelines. (C) They require all members to pay dues. (D) They try to gain control of government by winning elections. (E) They generally concentrate their efforts on a single policy area.

Of special concern in James Q. Wilson’s analysis was the ability or inability to observe ______.

a. actions and consequences b. inputs and processes c. outputs and outcomes d. costs and benefits