Firms that place their assets in the custody of a board of trustees is called a(n):

A nation's country-risk premium increases if:

a. Central bank policies become more predictable. b. Large corporations, on average, increase their debt-to-equity ratios, thereby making their operations more volatile. c. Expected inflation becomes harder to predict. d. The average maturity structure in the nation rises. e. Its government becomes more stable.

Which of the following does not increase (i.e., shift) the supply curve of real loanable funds?

a. Open market purchases of government securities by the central bank. b. An increase in the discount rate. c. A reduction in the reserve ratio by the central bank. d. A reduction in the preferred asset ratio for currency in circulation (C/D), due to a shift in household preferences. e. All of the above increase the supply.