Regarding reference groups, which of the following statements is FALSE?
a. A reference group is a type of membership group.
b. A reference group involves consistent face-to-face contact with members.
c. A reference group can cause people to shift their attitudes about particular ideas or topics.
d. A reference group represents a standard for social comparison.
ANSWER: b
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Naomi is 25 years of age. What health benefit is she reaching at this age?
a. She is likely as fit as she will ever be. b. She has reached maximum cardiac output. c. She is likely free from pain d. She likely sleeps better than she ever has.
Stephen LaBerge and his colleagues at the Stanford University Sleep Research Center were able to show that lucid dreams are real and that lucid dreamers were able to do all of the following EXCEPT
a. utilize prearranged signals when they became aware they were dreaming. b. be able to look up abruptly in a dream, causing a distinct upward eye movement. c. verbally mumble "awake." d. clench their right and left fists in a prearranged pattern.