What is a technique that a researcher can use to avoid the observer bias effect when engaging in naturalistic observation?
a. Using matched observers
b. Using blind observers
c. Using counter-balanced observers
d. Using random observers
Answer: B
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Marucha et al.'s (1998) study of stress and wound healing among dental students and Cohen et al.'s (1993, 1998) studies of stress and colds provide evidence for the _____ model of stress and illness.
a. illness behavior b. indirect effect c. direct effect d. diathesis-stress e. cognitive appraisal
An employee's supervisor places full confidence in the employee and believes that the employee can handle a fairly difficult task. This boosts the employee's self-esteem which in turn increases her performance. This phenomena is known as:
a. consistency b. the Pygmalion effect c. the Golem effect d. socially influenced self-esteem