Which is a key factor that should influence how judges decide in court cases?

What principle of American democracy is exemplified when people vote, obey the law, serve on juries, keep informed about current issues, or volunteer for social services?

a. Worth of the individual b. Rule of law c. Compromise d. Citizen participation

What is the status of affirmative action in college admissions after the Supreme Court decisions in the two cases involving the University of Michigan, Gratzv.Bollinger (2003) and Grutterv.Bollinger (2003)?

a. Affirmative action policies are generally permissible, but they cannot involve race-based quotas or numerical point systems. b. Affirmative action policies are assumed to be unconstitutional unless the university can demonstrate the need to promote racial tolerance. c. Affirmative action policies must ensure that all racial and ethnic groups are represented in accordance with the population of the nation as a whole. d. All forms of affirmative action are unconstitutional because they unfairly favor some people over others based on the color of their skin.