Which of the following make it difficult for elected officials to control the federal bureaucracy?
I. Career bureaucrats often place personal or departmental interests first.
II. Career bureaucrats have their own areas of policy expertise.
III. Congress and the President compete for influence with the bureaucracy.
a. I only
b. II only
c. I and II only
d. II and III only
e. I, II, and III
Answer: e. I, II, and III
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The presidential strategy of leading by courting public opinion
A. can be defended as a means of furthering majoritarian democracy. B. was pioneered by the early presidents. C. has declined in significance in recent years. D. is considered by most to be an ineffective political strategy. E. usually leads to ineffective leadership.
Some people claim that the media increasingly peddle ideologically biased political news. If this is true, which of the following necessary conditions for popular sovereignty is jeopardized?
a. that government policies reflect the wishes of the people b. that government leaders are selected in competitive elections c. that elections are free and fair d. that high-quality information is available