Researchers tested the hypothesis that rates of helping strangers would be higher in countries that valued simpatía. They staged helping incidents in twenty-three large cities and observed whether or not people helped. These researchers found
a. helping was dramatically higher in those countries that valued simpatía.
b. helping tended to be higher in those countries that valued simpatía, but was also high in some countries where this was not a value.
c. no difference in this study, because the helping examined was of strangers rather than of in-group members.
d. no differences in this study, because they examined helping in an urban rather than in a rural setting.
Answer: B
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What is the relationship between negative reinforcement and punishment?
a. Both tend to strengthen a response. b. Both tend to weaken a response. c. Negative reinforcement strengthens a response while punishment weakens a response. d. Negative reinforcement weakens a response while punishment strengthens a response.
The reaction that transduces light into an electrical signal in rods is the
A) bleaching of rhodopsin by light. B) elicitation of action potentials in rods. C) turning red of rhodopsin. D) inhibition of action potentials in rods. E) elicitation of action potentials in cones.