Which phase of clinical trials takes place after the drug has been approved and released for commercial use?

After an iron rod shot through his brain in an accident, Phineas Gage experienced difficulty in carrying out his plans effectively. Which lobe of the brain was damaged in his accident?

a) frontal b) temporal c) parietal d) occipital

As a consequence of the activity of the sodium-potassium transporters,

a. extracellular sodium concentrations are kept low. b. intracellular sodium concentrations are kept very high. c. extracellular potassium concentrations are kept very high. d. intracellular sodium concentrations are kept low. e. very little energy is required to maintain ionic differences across the membrane.