________ is a system used for reducing bias and error in the measurement of data

A dog is placed in a two-compartment cage and is shocked while in one of the compartments. The dog quickly learns to jump to the other compartment. This reflects __________learning

a. escape b. place c. latent d. respondent

A variable is defined or identified as _________

a. "Early Education", in an experiment studying the effect of Early Education on IQ b. a characteristic of some event, object or person that has the same value regardless of differing times or conditions. c. a characteristic of some event, object, or person that may have different values at different times depending on the conditions. d. "IQ", in an experiment studying the effect of Early Education on IQ e. a, c, and d