Learning to make a reflexive response to a stimulus other than to the original, natural stimulus is called ________________

According to the article Who's Old First about physical declines in old age, a few skills peak later than others. It was suggested that those peaking later might have required more:

(a) physical strength (b) speed (c) motivation (d) judgment

Cognitive therapy is designed to

a. create a negative response to a stimulus that has elicited problematic behavior. b. correct thinking errors and maladaptive beliefs. c. reduce phobic responses. d. improve interpersonal skills.