According to the notes, how many things are listed to avoid?

Audiences could be quite noisy before the beginning of the opera, due in part to __________

a) the fact that the music was new and not a cherished and respected masterwork b) pre-show entertainment by traveling minstrels c) the fact that they were a lower class and did not know how to act d) excessive drunkenness

The two most significant predecessors of jazz are

a. ring shouts and spirituals b. work songs and field hollers c. ragtime and the blues d. marches and minstrelsy