Describe common reliability and validity findings regarding intelligence tests. What types of
error or biases may be present in such tests and how does one address such concerns when
making important decisions about people?
What will be an ideal response?
In terms of reliability, IQ scores remain consistent over time. For example, a child who
scores high on an IQ test is likely to score the same way during adolescence. IQ scores
have been shown to predict both academic and social success. However, there is always
the risk for false positive and false negative errors. For instance, a false positive error
occurs when a child scores high on a test, yet their academic record or potential does not
match this performance. Conversely, some children score low on these tests, yet have
outstanding academic records and potential. Because of such concerns, it is wise to
collect additional data (e.g., grade point average) when making important decisions
about people.
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Blacks have been found to score lower on tests of verbal aptitude when tested by Whites than when tested by Blacks. This best illustrates the impact of
A) standardization. B) savant syndrome. C) emotional intelligence. D) stereotype threat. E) the Flynn effect.
The involuntary physical changes that occur in the body, such as increases and decreases in heart rate, blood pressure, perspiration, and glandular secretions are controlled by the
a. occipital lobe. b. parietal lobe. c. somatic nervous system. d. autonomic nervous system.