A rat learns to press a lever to avoid an electric shock. This is an example of _______________ reinforcement

__________ bias is a potential flaw in inductive reasoning when the conclusion takes

precedence over the evidence. Fill in the blanks with correct word

Raymond is a single African American in his thirties. Statistically, what is the most likely reason for Raymond's singlehood?

A) religion B) education C) unemployment D) lack of opportunity