Explain the concepts of verbal persuasion and emotional arousal in regards to self-efficacy development

Two sources of information related to self-efficacy development are verbal persuasion and emotional / physiological arousal. Verbal persuasion is widely used to talk people into believing they have the necessary capabilities related to a desired action. Like vicarious experiences, the source of learning is from other people. But with verbal persuasion, the information is not observed; rather, it is communicated via directions, encouragement, and feedback. Verbal persuasion, also called social persuasion, improves confidence, particularly when the action is within one's skill level. The effects on efficacy can be more short term than effects gained through one's own performance and vicarious learning, but this remains a target of many interventions for early stage action.
One's emotional / physiological arousal can also influence the perception of skill ability. Fear, anxiety, and similar emotions can inhibit successful behavioral action. For example, experiencing upsetting news prior to driving may affect one's ability to perform the behavior. When individuals are in fearful or stressful states, those emotions affect their confidence. Fear arousal may be a natural part of some skill execution; increased the heart rate, blood pressure, and respirations are natural arousal responses. Teaching individuals to manage arousal so that they do not decrease efficacy and skill ability is the target of interventions. Modeling and behavioral rehearsal are two means of removing dysfunctional fears.