The environmental movement was successful in banning private cars in many European inner cities

Because the economically disadvantaged cannot afford to join interest groups, they are

A) largely represented by business groups. B) largely represented by labor unions. C) nonetheless represented as effectively as wealthier citizens. D) only indirectly represented, with only little direct voice of their own. E) not represented, but do not wish representation at any level.

Constraints that apply to all federal grants are ______.

a. crosscutting requirements b. grants-in-aid c. categorical grants d. revenue shares