Summarize the findings of research investigating the relationship between stressful life events and depression, and then explain why it is difficult to interpret what the relationship means
Answer:
People who become clinically depressed experience an increased number of stressful life events. Comparisons among different populations show that communities with the highest rates of severe events produced the highest prevalence of major depression. One troublesome problem involves the direction of the relationship. If depressed people experience more stressful events, what is the direction of effect? Does failure lead to depression, or does depression lead to failure? Another problem is that many people who experience stressful life events do not become depressed, and we don't always know who will become depressed. The research of Brown, Harris, and others points to "severe" events, ones that are particularly threatening, as factors in the cause of depression, especially in women. Events that lead to humiliation, entrapment or defeat seem to be particularly related to depression.
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Several European countries have laws that make it very difficult to divorce. These policies are built, in part, on the assumption that divorce harms children and that it is better for children to stay in conflicted marriages than suffer the trauma of divorce. You have been asked to summarize research findings in these issues for a European Union Conference on Marriage and Children. Which of the
following best summarizes that research? a. No relationship between adult attachment style and parents’ marital status has been found, but children raised in what are defined as unhappy marriages demonstrate the same ratio of attachment styles as children raised in happy marriages. b. A strong relationship between adult attachment styles and divorce has been found with adult children of divorced parents being prone to insecure and anxious attachment. No relationship between children raised in unhappy marriages has been found. c. No relationship between adult attachment styles and divorce has been found, but parents who were described as being unhappily married tended to have fewer securely attached adult children and more insecurely attached adult children. d. Alas, there is not data on these particular questions and you will have to turn down the invitation.
The bystander effect refers to:
a. a reluctance to come to the aid of someone in need, when other people are present b. a tendency to only offer aid and assistance when we are observed c. a tendency to exert less effort when working in a group than when working alone d. a tendency to go along with the opinions of a group in order to gain approval or avoid rejection