The shift in political science toward seeking causality and using quantitative methods is known as the:

How does political competence compare with political efficacy?

a. Political competence is concerned with knowing how to have a political impact, whereas political efficacy is concerned with feeling one has at least some power to have such a political impact. b. Political competence is concerned with knowing why political events occur, whereas political efficacy is concerned with feeling one has at least some power to have a political impact. c. Political competence is concerned with being able to pass a citizenship test about national history, whereas political efficacy is concerned with making sure no one in society feels powerless. d. Political competence is concerned with knowing those who have a political impact, whereas political efficacy is concerned with feeling one has at least some power to have a political impact.

Which of the following was not a cause of Napoleon's defeat?

a. The frigid winters in Russia b. The use of nationalism to mobilize populations c. The effective use of new weapons of war d. His enemies adopted Napoleon's strategies