The key justification for the Supreme Court's "actual malice" requirement in New York Times v. Sullivan may be stated as follows:
a. Falsehoods are just as valuable as the truth and must therefore be protected.
b. Libel judgments would otherwise lead to self-censorship of the truth.
c. Public officials have essentially waived their rights to privacy.
d. Juries are inherently biased against libel defendants.
b
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Which of the following guidelines is provided in the text for being critically open-minded?
A) Members should come to a meeting with their minds already made up. B) Members should be unwilling to alter or revise their suggestions after discussion occurs. C) Members should come to the group with ideas and information but without firmly formulated conclusions. D) Members can accept or reject suggestions without critically evaluating them, if that is their preferred method.
Stereotypes on television:
a. are biased b. are resistant to social change c. make characters quickly recognizable d. all of the above