Compare and contrast the shapes of the short-run and long-run Phillips curves

The short-run Phillips curve is downward sloping, showing that attempting to reduce unemployment carries a price: higher inflation. The short-run curve traces out points as aggregate demand shifts and intersects aggregate supply at different points. An increase in AD results in lower unemployment but higher inflation. The long-run Phillips curve is vertical, implying that the economy tends toward full employment regardless of the price level. The long-run curve reflects built-in stability of the economy. Taking the case of an increase in AD, the higher price level leads to higher wages, thus decreasing short-run AS. The long-term effect of an increase in AD is a higher price level associated with the natural rate of unemployment.