The ego is the conscious part of the mind that navigates between the __________ and the __________

Phil wants to train his parrot to kick a ball into a soccer net. Which of the following should he do?

a. Wait until the parrot kicks the ball into the net on its own and then give it a food treat. b. Use negative punishment until the parrot kicks the ball into the net. c. Begin by reinforcing when the parrot goes near the ball. d. Use positive punishment until the parrot kicks the ball into the net.

Arthur is obsessively watching the news about an outbreak of a particularly dangerous strain of the flu. Although he hasn't been exposed to the flu and has had a flu shot, Arthur is convinced that the slight pain in his arms is a sign of the flu; he is unable to sleep, worrying about his health. Arthur is exhibiting classic signs of __________.

A. hypochondriasis B. catastrophizing C. pain disorder D. fugue disorder