Carlito is 5 months old. He loves to grab whatever he can reach, shake it hard, and stuff it in his mouth. What innate characteristic does Carlito share with birds, primates, and many other animals?
a. A desire to explore and manipulate objects
b. A fear of novelty and new things
c. An understanding of number and the rudiments of language
d. An understanding of sibling relationships
Answer: a
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The association or link between which two classical conditioning elements is, by definition, unlearned?
A) CS and CR B) US and CR C) CS and UR D) US and UR
The text discussed five main reasons that the dropout rate is higher for low-SES students than for higher-SES students. Which of the following is NOT one of those reasons?
A) Teachers are often prejudiced against low-SES youths. B) Low-SES students receive fewer rewards for doing well. C) Low-SES students do not possess the math skills of their middle-class peers. D) Peer influences on low-SES youths are often antischool.