When aggregate expenditure is given as Y = 200 + 0.5Y, short-run equilibrium output equals:

The conditions in which vertical relationships can enhance a firm's ability to price discriminate include

a. the manufacturer's product is of value to multiple types of customers b. the costs of arbitraging the price difference across markets is large c. the manufacturer acquires the distributer in the higher priced market d. competition provides little ability for the manufacturer to price above marginal cost

If the required reserve ratio is 0.05 and the Fed sells a $2,000 bond directly to an individual who pays for it with a check, what will happen to the money supply?

a. The money supply will increase by $2,000. b. The money supply will decrease by $2,000. c. The money supply will increase by $100. d. The money supply will decrease by $100. e. The money supply will decrease by $200.