When Luke kissed Laura, her heart rate increased. Luke always wore Old Spice after shave. Whenever Laura smelled Old Spice, her heart raced. Luke's kiss was the _______________
a. unconditioned stimulus
b. unconditioned response
c. conditioned stimulus
d. conditioned response
Answer: C
Rationale: An unconditioned stimulus (US) is a stimulus that elicits a reflexive response without learning. In this example, the stimulus that automatically caused Laura's heart to race before "conditioning" was Luke's kiss. In contrast, the after shave only caused Laura's heart to race because she learned to associate it with Luke.
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