People who are extroverts tend to use more tentative words and more words that communicate negative emotions in email messages

Metamessages are messages _______

a. about other messages b. that do not include feedback or feedforward c. that include psychological noise d. occurring only in the speaker's head

Victoria must complete a high-level mathematics course before graduating from college. With graduation within reach, Victoria imagines herself receiving a passing grade on the final exam, shaking her professor's hand, and smiling in front of a camera while holding her diploma. Through using __________, Victoria has boosted her confidence about passing the class.

A. self-talk B. reframing C. visualization D. talk therapy