__________ disorders are characterized by more outward-directed behaviors

Bill constantly talks to his 3-month-old infant. His friend Ted tells him that it is useless to do so because an infant cannot understand language. Social-pragmatists would

agree with Ted, since cooing and babbling are reflexive. suggest that Bill's behavior indicates he needs therapy. agree with Ted, since too much listening slows talking. disagree with Ted, because Bill's behavior teaches communication.

To prevent ethical violations, most institutions that sponsor research, such as universities and research institutes, require a proposal for research to be approved by a(n) ______

a. Ethical Standard Board b. Institutional Review Board c. Department of Research d. University Research Sponsorship Department